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The House of Hanover (1714 - 1901)

With the accession of King George I to the Throne in 1714, the

arms of Hanover were incorporated into the Royal Arms for the

first time. The change was effected by dropping the fourth

quarter, which was a repeat of the first quarter, and replacing

it with a simplified version of the Hanoverian arms.

George I (1714-1727)

born

7 Jun 1660

mar.

21 Aug 1682 (div. 28 Dec 1694) his first cousin Sophia Dorothea (b. 3 Feb 1666; d. 13 Nov 1726), only surv. dau. of George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle, by his wife Eleanor, Countess of Williamsburg, dau. of Alexander II d'Olbreuse, Marquis of Desmier

children

1. HRH Prince George Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later King George II

2. HRH Princess Sophia Dorothea, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 26 Mar 1685;  d. 28 Jun 1757), mar. 17 Nov 1706 at Hanover and 28 Nov 1706 at Berlin her first cousin Frederick William I, King of Prussia, and had issue

died

11 Jun 1727

suc. by

son

note

suc. his father as Duke and Elector of Hanover 23 Jan 1698;  Knight of the Garter 1701;  nat. British subject 1705; he had two illegitimate daughters by his mistress Baroness Ermengarde Melesina von der Shulenberg, later Duchess of Kendal

George II (1727-1760)

born

9 Nov 1683

mar.

2 Sep 1705 Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline (b. 1 Mar 1683;  d. 20 Nov 1737), 3rd dau. of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, by his wife Eleanor Erdmuthe Louisa, 1st dau. of John George, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach

children

1. HRH Prince Frederick Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, Knight of the Garter 1716, cr. Duke of Gloucester 10 Jan 1717, became Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, etc. on his father's succession to the Throne 11 Jun 1727, cr. Baron of Snowden, Viscount of Launceston, Earl of Eltham, Marquess of the Isle of Ely and Duke of Edinburgh 26 Jul 1727, cr. Earl of Chester and Prince of Wales 8 Jan 1729 (b. 1 Feb 1707; dvp. 31 Mar 1751), mar. 8 May 1736 Augusta (b. 30 Nov 1719; d. 8 Feb 1772), 6th dau. of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, by his wife Magdalena Augusta, only dau. of Charles William, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and had issue:

1a. HRH Prince George William Frederick of Wales, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later King George III

2a. HRH Prince Edward Augustus of Wales, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of York and Albany

3a. HRH Prince William Henry of Wales, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

4a. HRH Prince Henry Frederick of Wales, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn

5a. HRH Prince Frederick William of Wales, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 13 May 1750; d. 29 Dec 1765)

1a. HRH Princess Augusta of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 31 Jul 1737; d. 23 Mar 1813), mar. 16 Jan 1764 her second cousin Charles II, Duke of Brunswick, and had issue

2a. HRH Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 30 Dec 1740; d. 4 Sep 1759)

3a. HRH Princess Louisa Anne of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 8 Mar 1749; d. 13 May 1768)

4a. HRH Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 11 Jul 1751; d. 10 May 1775), mar. 1 Oct 1766 in London and 8 Nov 1766 at Schloss Frederiksberg her cousin Christian VII, King of Denmark, and had issue

2. HRH Prince George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 2 Nov 1717; dvp. 6 Feb 1718)

3. HRH Prince William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Cumberland

1. HRH Princess Anne, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, cr. Princess Royal 1727 (b. 2 Nov 1709;  d. 12 Jan 1759), mar. 25 Mar 1734 William IV Charles Henry Friso, Prince of Orange, and had issue

2. HRH Princess Amelia Sophia Eleanor, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 10 Jun 1711;  d. 31 Oct 1786)

3. HRH Princess Caroline Elizabeth, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 10 Jun 1713;  d. 28 Dec 1757)

4. HRH Princess Mary, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 5 Mar 1723; d. 16 Jan 1772), mar. 19 May 1740 as his first wife Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, and had issue

5. HRH Princess Louisa, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 7 Dec 1724;  d. 19 Dec 1751), mar. 30 Oct 1743 as his first wife Frederick V, King of Denmark and Norway, and had issue

died

25 Oct 1760

created

9 Nov 1706 Baron Tewkesbury, Viscount Northallerton, Earl of Milford Haven, Marquess of Cambridge and Duke of Cambridge

27 Sep 1714 Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester

suc. by

grandson

note

nat. British subject 1705;  Knight of the Garter 1706;  suc. as Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay, etc. on his father's suc. to the Throne 1 Aug 1714

The Act of Union in 1801 united the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. At the same time

King George III abandoned his ancestors' ancient claim to the Kingdom of France. The Royal

Arms changed, with England now occupying the first and fourth quarters, Scotland the second,

and Ireland the third. The Electorate of Hanover was represented by an inescutcheon of the

arms of Hanover surmounted by the electoral bonnet. The Royal Arms were changed again

in 1816 following Hanover being declared a kingdom, when the electoral bonnet was

replaced by a royal crown.

George III (1760-1820)

born

4 Jun 1738

mar.

8 Sep 1761 (Sophia) Charlotte (b. 19 May 1744; d. 17 Nov 1818), dau. of Charles Louis Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, by his wife Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen

children

1. HRH Prince George Augustus Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later King George IV

2. HRH Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of York and Albany

3. HRH Prince William Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Clarence and St Andrews later King William IV

4. HRH Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, cr. 23 Apr 1799 Earl of Dublin and Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Knight of the Garter 1786 (b. 2 Nov 1767; dvp. 23 Jan 1820), mar. 29 May 1818 in Coburg and 13 Jul 1818 at Kew Palace (Mary Louisa) Victoria (b. 17 Aug 1786; widow of Emich Charles, 2nd Prince of Leiningen; d. 16 Mar 1861), 4th dau. of Francis I (Frederick Anthony), Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saafield, by his wife Augusta Caroline Sophia, dau. of Henry XXIV, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorff, and had issue

1a. HRH Princess (Alexandrina) Victoria, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later Queen Victoria

5. HRH Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale later Ernest I, King of Hanover

6. HRH Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Sussex

7. HRH Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, later 1st Duke of Cambridge

8. HRH Prince Octavius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 23 Feb 1779; d. 3 May 1783)

9. HRH Prince Alfred, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 22 Sep 1780; d. 20 Aug 1782)

1. HRH Princess Charlotte Augusta Matilda, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth, cr. Princess Royal 22 Jun 1789 (b. 29 Sep 1766; d. 6 Oct 1828), mar. 18 May 1797 Frederick I, King of Württemberg, and had issue

2. HRH Princess Augusta Sophia, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 8 Nov 1768; d. 22 Sep 1840)

3. HRH Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 22 May 1770; d. 10 Jan 1840), mar. 7 Apr 1818 Frederick (Joseph) VI, Landgrave and Prince of Hesse-Homburg

4. HRH Princess Mary, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 25 Apr 1776; dsp. 30 Apr 1857), mar. 22 Jul 1816 her cousin HRH Prince William Frederick, 2nd Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh

5. HRH Princess Sophia Amelia, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 3 Nov 1777; dsp. legit. 27 May 1848)

6. HRH Princess Amelia, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 7 Aug 1783; d. 2 Nov 1810)

died

29 Jan 1820

created

20 Apr 1751 Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester

suc. by

son

note

Knight of the Garter 1749; suc. his father 20 Mar 1751 as Duke of Cornwall, Rothesay and Edinburgh

George IV (1820-1830)

born

12 Aug 1762

mar. (1)

21 Dec 1785 in contravention of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Royal Marriage Act 1772 Mary Anne FitzHerbert, a Roman Catholic (b. 26 Jul 1756; widow of (1) Edward Weld, of Lulworth Castle, co. Dorset, and (2) Thomas FitzHerbert, of Norbury, co. Derby, and Swynnerton, co. Stafford; d. 27 Mar 1837), dau. of Walter Smythe, of Brambridge, co. Hampshire, by his wife Mary Errington, dau. of John Errington, of Red Rice, Andover, co. Hampshire

mar. (2)

8 Apr 1795 his cousin Caroline Amelia Elizabeth (b. 17 May 1768; d. 7 Aug 1821), dau. of Charles II (William Ferdinand), Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by his wife Augusta, 1st dau. of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales

only child by second wife

1. HRH Princess Charlotte Augusta, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 7 Jan 1796; dvp. 6 Nov 1817), mar. 2 May 1816 as his first wife HSH Prince Leopold George Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saafield later HM Leopold I, King of the Belgians, and had issue:

1a. HRH Prince ..... (stillborn 5 Nov 1817)

died

26 Jun 1830

created

17 Aug 1762 Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester

5 Feb 1811 Prince Regent of the United Kingdom

suc. by

brother

note

William IV (1830-1837)

born

21 Aug 1765

mar.

13 Jul 1818 Adelaide Louisa Theresa Caroline Amelia (b. 13 Aug 1792; d. 2 Dec 1849), dau. of George I (Frederick Charles), Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, by his wife Louisa Eleanor, dau. of Christian Albert Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

children

1. HRH Princess Charlotte Augusta Louise, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. and dvp. 27 Mar 1819)

2. HRH Princess Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from birth (b. 10 Dec 1820; dvp. 4 Mar 1821)

died

20 Jun 1837

created

20 May 1789 Earl of Munster and Duke of Clarence and St Andrews

suc. by

niece

note

Knight of the Thistle 1770; Knight of the Garter 1782; by his mistress Dorothea Bland, Mrs Jordan, he had 11 illegitimate children (see Earl of Munster)

On her uncle's death in 1837 Queen Victoria did not succeed to his Hanoverian

possessions, as Salic Law prevented a woman from ascending the Throne of Hanover.

The escutcheon of Hanover was removed and this version of the Royal Arms has been

in constant use since 1837.

Victoria (1837-1901)

born

24 May 1819

mar.

10 Feb 1840 her cousin HSH Prince Francis Augustus Charles Albert Emmanuel of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, cr. 26 Jun 1857 Prince Consort (b. 26 Aug 1819; d. 14 Dec 1861), 2nd son of HSH Ernest I Anton Charles Louis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, by his wife HSH Princess Dorothea Louise Pauline Charlotte Frederica Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

children

1. HRH Prince Albert Edward, Duke of Saxony from birth, later King Edward VII

2. HRH Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Saxony from birth, later 1st Duke of Edinburgh

3. HRH Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of Saxony from birth, later 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn

4. HRH Prince Leopold George Duncan Albert, Duke of Saxony from birth, later 1st Duke of Albany

1. HRH Princess Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise, Duchess of Saxony from birth, cr. Princess Royal 19 Jan 1841 (b. 21 Nov 1840; d. 5 Aug 1901), mar. 25 Jan 1858 HIM Frederick III William Nicholas Charles, German Emperor and King of Prussia, and had issue

2. HRH Princess Alice Maud Mary, Duchess of Saxony from birth (b. 25 Apr 1843; d. 14 Dec 1878), mar. 1 Jul 1862 HRH Frederick William Louis IV Charles, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, and had issue

3. HRH Princess Helena Augusta Victoria, Duchess of Saxony from birth until 1917 (b. 23 May 1846; d. 9 Jun 1923), mar. 5 Jul 1866 HSH Prince Frederick Christian Charles Augustus of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (b. 22 Jan 1831; granted the style of Royal Highness by Queen Victoria 30 Jun 1866; d. 28 Oct 1917), and had issue

4. HRH Princess Louise Caroline Alberta VA CI GCVO GBE, Duchess of Saxony from birth until 1917 (b. 18 Mar 1848; dsp. 3 Dec 1939), mar. 21 Mar 1871 John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland [Campbell], 9th Duke of Argyll

5. HRH Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore, Duchess of Saxony from birth until 1917 (b. 14 Apr 1857; d. 26 Oct 1944), mar. 23 Jul 1885 HSH Prince Henry Maurice of Battenberg (b. 5 Oct 1858; d. 20 Jan 1896), and had issue

died

22 Jan 1901

created

1 May 1876 Empress of India

suc. by

son

Last updated 20 Feb 2011

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